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39th BCS (Medical Part)

39th BCS (Medical Part)

বিগত সালের প্রশ্ন BCS 39th BCS (Medical Part)
প্রশ্ন 1 সঠিক উত্তর: C
The superficial Inguinal ring is an opening in the:
A. Internal oblique aponeurosis
B. Conjoint tendon
C. External oblique aponeurosis
D. Fascia transversalis
Explanation:
The superficial inguinal ring is a triangular opening in the external oblique aponeurosis, situated above and medial to the pubic tubercle. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 2 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Which of the following type of necrosis is seen in acute myocardial infarction?
A. Caseous necrosis
B. Gangrenous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Explanation:
Ischaemic death of cardiac muscle in myocardial infarction classically produces coagulative necrosis, where the cell outline is preserved for several days. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 3 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Main seat of peripheral resistance is:
A. Arteriole
B. Metaarteriole
C. Venule
D. Capillary
Explanation:
Arterioles, with their thick muscular walls, are the principal site of resistance in the systemic circulation and the main regulators of blood pressure. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 4 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Blood group antigens are:
A. Present in the Hb molecules
B. Present in the dense granules of platelets
C. Present in the RBC membrane
D. Present in the plasma
Explanation:
ABO and other blood group antigens are glycoproteins/glycolipids embedded in the red blood cell membrane. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 5 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Signs of upper motor neuron lesion include all except:
A. Weakness or paralysis of limb
B. Hypertonia of muscles
C. Loss of all reflexes
D. Plantar response extensor
Explanation:
Upper motor neuron lesions classically cause hyperreflexia rather than loss of all reflexes, which is instead a feature of lower motor neuron lesions. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 6 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Neonates may be infected with except:
A. Brucellosis
B. Hepatitis B virus
C. Malaria
D. Shigellosis
Explanation:
Hepatitis B, malaria and shigellosis are recognised causes of neonatal infection, while brucellosis is not a typical neonatal infection. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 7 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Insulin increases:
A. Lipolysis
B. Ketogenesis
C. Glycogenesis
D. Gluconeogenesis
Explanation:
Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) in liver and muscle, while it inhibits lipolysis, ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 8 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Commonest cause of hepatic cirrhosis in Bangladesh is:
A. HAV
B. HBV
C. HCV
D. HEV
Explanation:
Chronic Hepatitis B virus infection is the leading cause of cirrhosis in Bangladesh, given its high prevalence in the population. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 9 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Dermis:
A. Is a layer of epithelial tissue
B. Is formed by connective tissue
C. Contain melanocytes
D. Possess keratinocytes
Explanation:
The dermis is composed of connective tissue, unlike the overlying epidermis which is epithelial tissue containing keratinocytes and melanocytes. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 10 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Clinical cyanosis is due to:
A. Adult hemoglobin
B. Reduced hemoglobin
C. Fetal hemoglobin
D. Biliverdin
Explanation:
Cyanosis appears when the absolute concentration of reduced (deoxygenated) haemoglobin in blood exceeds about 5 g/dL. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 11 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Prednisolone 5 mg is equivalent to:
A. Hydrocortisone 40mg
B. Hydrocortisone 20mg
C. Dexamethasone 2mg
D. Dexamethasone 8mg
Explanation:
Using standard corticosteroid potency equivalence, prednisolone 5 mg is equivalent to hydrocortisone 20 mg. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 12 সঠিক উত্তর: D
"Ghon Focus" is situated in:
A. Pleura
B. Pericardium
C. Peritoneum
D. Lung
Explanation:
The Ghon focus is the primary lesion of pulmonary tuberculosis, located within the lung parenchyma. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 13 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Which of the following crosses the ureter in the female as it approaches the ureterovesical junction?
A. Ovarian artery
B. Uterine artery
C. Obturator nerve
D. Internal iliac artery
Explanation:
The uterine artery crosses anterior and superior to the ureter near the lateral fornix of the vagina, a relationship of surgical importance ("water under the bridge"). Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 14 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Histamine causes:
A. Hypertension
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Vasodilatation
D. Bradycardia
Explanation:
Histamine acting on H1 receptors causes vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability, contributing to the flare response. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 15 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Atherosclerosis:
A. Begins after 40 years
B. Characterised by focal deposition of collagen, protein and fat
C. Is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the arterial wall
D. Involves only some blood vessels of body
Explanation:
Atherosclerosis is now understood as a chronic, progressive inflammatory process affecting the arterial wall, beginning early in life. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 16 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Erythroblastosis fetalis may develop when:
A. Rh (+) mother carries Rh(-) fetus
B. Rh (-) mother carries Rh (+) fetus
C. Rh (+) mother carries Rh (+) fetus
D. Rh (-) mother carries Rh (-) fetus
Explanation:
Erythroblastosis fetalis (haemolytic disease of the newborn) occurs when an Rh-negative mother is sensitised against an Rh-positive fetus, producing antibodies that cross the placenta. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 17 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Meiosis produces:
A. 4 Diploid cells
B. 2 Diploid cells
C. 4 haploid cells
D. 2 Haploid cells
Explanation:
Meiosis involves two successive divisions of a diploid cell, ultimately producing four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 18 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Smooth muscle is found in:
A. Soft palate
B. Diaphragm
C. Wall of blood vessel
D. Tongue
Explanation:
Blood vessel walls contain smooth (involuntary) muscle in the tunica media, whereas the diaphragm, tongue and soft palate are composed of skeletal muscle. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 19 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Which of the following may cause hypercalcaemia?
A. Multiple myeloma
B. Frusemide therapy
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Cushing's syndrome
Explanation:
Multiple myeloma commonly causes hypercalcaemia through osteoclast-activating factors that increase bone resorption. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 20 সঠিক উত্তর: B
In which region is deep fascia absent?
A. Sole
B. Face
C. Neck
D. Abdominal Wall
Explanation:
The face lacks a well-developed deep fascia, which allows the muscles of facial expression to move the overlying skin directly. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 21 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Which one is false about lung?
A. Conical in shape
B. The right lung is slightly larger than the left
C. The left lung has only an oblique fissure
D. The left lung is divided into 3 lobes
Explanation:
The left lung has only two lobes (upper and lower) separated by an oblique fissure, whereas the right lung has three lobes. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 22 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Ovulation occurs:
A. During female orgasm
B. 14 days after the onset of menstruation
C. 14 days before the onset of next menstruation
D. During the midpart of menstruation
Explanation:
In a typical 28-day cycle, ovulation occurs approximately 14 days before the onset of the next menstrual period, regardless of total cycle length. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 23 সঠিক উত্তর: B
The function of mitochondria includes:
A. Anaerobic glycolysis
B. Activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis
C. Vesicle transport
D. Proton pump operation
Explanation:
Mitochondria release cytochrome c to activate the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway of apoptosis, in addition to their role in ATP synthesis. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 24 সঠিক উত্তর: B
The function of mitochondria includes:
A. Anaerobic glycolysis
B. Activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis
C. Vesicle transport
D. Proton pump operation
Explanation:
Mitochondria release cytochrome c to activate the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway of apoptosis, in addition to their role in ATP synthesis. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 25 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Rx-39 strip test is used to diagnose:
A. Malaria
B. Kala-azar
C. Dengue fever
D. Tuberculosis
Explanation:
This rapid antigen-based strip test is used as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for malaria. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 26 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Which one of the following clotting factor is called primary clotting factor?
A. Fibrinogen
B. Stable factor
C. Labile factor
D. Antehemophilic factor
Explanation:
Fibrinogen (Factor I) is the substrate that is finally converted to fibrin, forming the structural basis of the clot, and is often termed the primary clotting factor. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 27 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Cardiogenic shock may be due to:
A. Pump failure
B. Infection
C. Hypovolumia
D. Neurogenic
Explanation:
Cardiogenic shock results from failure of the heart to pump blood effectively, as in extensive myocardial infarction. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 28 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Which one of the following is responsible for carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Axillary nerve compression
B. Ulnar nerve compression
C. Median nerve compression
D. Radial nerve compression
Explanation:
Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the median nerve as it passes beneath the flexor retinaculum at the wrist. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 29 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Abnormal constituent of urine is:
A. Creatinine
B. Urea
C. Disodium mono hydrogen phosphate
D. Albumin
Explanation:
Albumin is not normally present in urine in significant amounts; its presence (albuminuria) indicates glomerular or tubular disease. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 30 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Site of absorption of vitamin B12 is:
A. Stomach
B. Duodenum
C. Jejunum
D. Ileum
Explanation:
Vitamin B12 bound to intrinsic factor is absorbed specifically in the terminal ileum. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 31 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Causes of renal failure in multiple myeloma includes all except:
A. Membranous glomerulonephritis
B. Para protein deposition
C. Hypocalcaemia
D. Amyloid deposition
Explanation:
Multiple myeloma typically causes hypercalcaemia (not hypocalcaemia) due to osteolytic bone lesions, which itself contributes to renal impairment. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 32 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to:
A. 1st part of duodenum
B. Left 1/3rd of transverse colon
C. Gall bladder
D. The appendix
Explanation:
The superior mesenteric artery, via the ileocolic branch, supplies the appendix, caecum and the midgut-derived bowel up to the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 33 সঠিক উত্তর: C
The value of lung tidal volume is:
A. 1500 ml
B. 2000 ml
C. 500 ml
D. 5000 ml
Explanation:
Normal resting tidal volume in an adult is approximately 500 ml per breath. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 34 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Which of the following occurs during reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction?
A. Proteins are converted to DNA
B. DNA is converted to RNA
C. Used to amplify DNA
D. RNA is converted to DNA
Explanation:
Reverse transcriptase PCR first uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert an RNA template into complementary DNA before amplification. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 35 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Adult polycystic kidney disease is a condition of
A. Chromosomal abnormality
B. X-linked recessive
C. Autosomal dominant trait
D. Autosomal recessive
Explanation:
Adult (or autosomal dominant) polycystic kidney disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, most commonly due to PKD1 or PKD2 mutations. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 36 সঠিক উত্তর: B
A 60 year old gentleman has been diagnosed as vitamin B12 deficiency due to pernicious anemia. Which of the following is unlikely to happen?
A. Corticospinal tract involvement
B. Seizure
C. Posterior column involvement
D. Optic atrophy
Explanation:
Vitamin B12 deficiency classically causes subacute combined degeneration affecting the posterior columns and corticospinal tracts, along with optic atrophy, but seizures are not a typical feature. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 37 সঠিক উত্তর: D
In progressive phase of shock:
A. Survival is not possible
B. Complete renal shutdown
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. There is widespread tissue hypoxia
Explanation:
The progressive stage of shock is characterised by worsening widespread tissue hypoxia as compensatory mechanisms begin to fail. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 38 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is found in:
A. Liver disease
B. Infective endocarditis
C. Thalassaemia
D. Multiple myeloma
Explanation:
Thalassaemia is a classic cause of microcytic hypochromic anaemia due to defective haemoglobin chain synthesis. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 39 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Rh incompatibility is:
A. Atopic
B. Anaphylactic
C. Cytotoxic
D. Delayed hypersensitivity
Explanation:
Rh incompatibility is an example of Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity, where antibodies target antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 40 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Nephrotic syndrome includes?
A. Hematuria
B. Hypertension
C. Oliguria
D. Overt proteinuria
Explanation:
The defining feature of nephrotic syndrome is heavy (overt) proteinuria, along with hypoalbuminaemia, oedema and hyperlipidaemia. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 41 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Extracellular matrix is more in:
A. Nervous tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Muscular tissue
D. Connective tissue
Explanation:
Connective tissue is characterised by an abundant extracellular matrix relative to its cell content, unlike epithelial or nervous tissue. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 42 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Heparin is:
A. A natural anticoagulant
B. An enzyme
C. Secreted by goblet cell
D. Found in the bone marrow
Explanation:
Heparin is a naturally occurring anticoagulant, produced mainly by mast cells, that potentiates antithrombin III activity. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 43 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Which of the following condition is not precancerous?
A. Solar keratosis of skin
B. Ulcerative colitis
C. Cervical dysplasia
D. Glycogen storage disease
Explanation:
Solar keratosis, ulcerative colitis and cervical dysplasia are recognised premalignant conditions, whereas glycogen storage disease is a metabolic disorder without an established premalignant potential. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 44 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Mycobacterium leprae has special predilection for-
A. Epithelium
B. Lymphatics
C. Schwann cells
D. Dorsal root ganglion
Explanation:
Mycobacterium leprae has a particular tropism for Schwann cells of peripheral nerves and skin macrophages, due to its preference for cooler body temperatures. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 45 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Autonomic ganglion are:
A. Adrenergic
B. Noradrenergic
C. Cholinergic
D. Dopaminergic
Explanation:
Synaptic transmission within all autonomic ganglia (sympathetic and parasympathetic) is cholinergic, using acetylcholine acting on nicotinic receptors. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 46 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Basal cell carcinoma includes:
A. No metastasis
B. Typically at the non sun exposure
C. Mutation of RB gene occur
D. Early lesions of pale
Explanation:
Basal cell carcinoma is a locally invasive skin tumour that very rarely metastasises, unlike squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 47 সঠিক উত্তর: D
At which of the following phase of cardiac cycle does the atrioventricular valve open?
A. During atrial filling
B. During isovolumetric contraction
C. During isovolumetric relaxation
D. During ventricular filling
Explanation:
The atrioventricular valves open at the start of ventricular filling (early diastole), once ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 48 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Causes of bilateral leg swelling does not always include:
A. Hypoproteinaemia
B. Heart failure
C. Kidney failure
D. Deep vein Thrombosis
Explanation:
Deep vein thrombosis typically causes unilateral, not bilateral, leg swelling, unlike systemic causes such as heart failure, kidney failure and hypoproteinaemia. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 49 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Which of the following types of shock is caused by failure of the heart to pump effectively?
A. Septic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
C. Hypovolemic shock
D. Anaphylactic shock
Explanation:
Cardiogenic shock is defined by failure of the heart's pumping function to maintain adequate tissue perfusion. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 50 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Drug causing increased uric acid level is:
A. Pyrazinamide
B. Steroid
C. Colchichine
D. Levofloxacin
Explanation:
Pyrazinamide reduces renal excretion of uric acid and is a well-recognised cause of drug-induced hyperuricaemia. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.