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42nd BCS (Medical Part)

42nd BCS (Medical Part)

বিগত সালের প্রশ্ন BCS 42nd BCS (Medical Part)
প্রশ্ন 1 সঠিক উত্তর: D
A major sign of cardiac tamponade is
A. Bradycardia
B. Ventricular dilatation
C. 3rd degree heart block
D. Pulsus paradoxus
Explanation:
Cardiac tamponade classically shows raised JVP, hypotension, muffled heart sounds and pulsus paradoxus (an exaggerated fall in systolic pressure on inspiration). Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 2 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Causes of short stature include following except
A. Psychosocial deprivation
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Growth hormone deficiency
D. Klinefelter syndrome
Explanation:
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is associated with tall stature, whereas the other options cause short stature. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 3 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Bleeding time is Prolonged in
A. ITP
B. Von Willibrand disease
C. Haemophilia-A
D. Haemophilia-B
Explanation:
Bleeding time reflects platelet plug formation and is prolonged in platelet disorders such as ITP (and also in von Willebrand disease), but is normal in haemophilia A and B. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 4 সঠিক উত্তর: A
A stretch reflex is
A. monosynaptic
B. polysynaptic
C. initiated by muscle spindle
D. transmitted by type II fibre
Explanation:
The stretch (myotatic) reflex is the classic example of a monosynaptic reflex arc with one synapse between afferent and motor neuron. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 5 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Following cells are involved in Acute inflammation
A. Beta cells
B. Lymphocytes
C. Epitheloid cells
D. Neutrophil
Explanation:
Neutrophils are the hallmark cells of acute inflammation, whereas lymphocytes and epithelioid cells characterise chronic inflammation. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 6 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Clearance of drug depends on-
A. plasma half life
B. bioavailability
C. diffusion co-efficient
D. rate of absorption
Explanation:
Clearance is related to volume of distribution and elimination half-life (CL = 0.693 x Vd / t1/2), so it depends on plasma half-life. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 7 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Following muscles are involved in forceful respiration
A. Rectus abdominis
B. Intercostal muscle
C. Scalene
D. Soleus
Explanation:
Intercostal muscles participate in both quiet and forceful breathing, with external intercostals aiding inspiration and internal intercostals aiding forced expiration. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 8 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Phagocytosis is promoted by
A. Hyaluronidase
B. Neuramidase
C. Complement
D. The Hexose monophosphate shunt
Explanation:
Complement fragment C3b acts as an opsonin that coats microbes and enhances phagocytosis. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 9 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Pyramidine bases are catabolised to
A. Orotic acid
B. Uric acid
C. Valproic acid
D. Ammonia
Explanation:
Pyrimidine bases are broken down to ammonia (and beta-amino acids), while purines are catabolised to uric acid. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 10 সঠিক উত্তর: C
In Graves disease, one would least likely expect
A. Goitre
B. Increased BMR
C. Increased TSH secretion
D. Weight loss
Explanation:
In Graves disease thyroid-stimulating antibodies drive hyperthyroidism, so TSH secretion is suppressed rather than increased. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 11 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Linear growth is determined by
A. Calcium
B. Phosphate
C. Vitamin-D
D. IGF-1
Explanation:
Growth hormone acts largely through IGF-1, which is the principal determinant of linear (longitudinal) growth. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 12 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Contraindication of lumber puncture
A. Coma
B. Decerebrate posturing
C. Head injury
D. mole on the affected site
Explanation:
Lumbar puncture is avoided when intracranial pressure may be raised, as after head injury, because of the risk of brain herniation (coning). Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 13 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Formation of clot is affected by
A. Zinc
B. Factor B
C. Factor IX
D. Kallikrein
Explanation:
Factor IX is a key clotting factor in the intrinsic pathway, and its deficiency (haemophilia B) impairs clot formation. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 14 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Extra articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis are
A. AKI
B. Bronchiolitis obliterans
C. Hepatic failure
D. Leukoplakia
Explanation:
Rheumatoid arthritis can involve the lungs, including bronchiolitis obliterans, among its extra-articular features. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 15 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Organism that can cross placenta
A. Varicella zoster virus
B. Toxoplasma gondi
C. Hepatitis C virus
D. Streptococcus
Explanation:
Toxoplasma gondii is a classic TORCH organism that crosses the placenta and causes congenital infection. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 16 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Causes of haematuria include
A. Cardiac failure
B. Renal tuberculosis
C. Pregnancy
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Explanation:
Renal tuberculosis can cause haematuria through mucosal ulceration and inflammation of the urinary tract. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 17 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Complete destruction of zona glomerulosa result in unable to produce
A. Adrenaline
B. Aldosterone
C. Cortisol
D. Dehydroepinephrine
Explanation:
The zona glomerulosa is the adrenal cortical layer that secretes the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 18 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Deep cervical fascia encloses
A. Larynx
B. Thyroid gland
C. Pineal gland
D. Submandibular gland
Explanation:
The pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia encloses the thyroid gland. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 19 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Sustained elevation of cardiac output occurs in
A. Hypertension
B. Anaemia
C. Heart block
D. Cardiac tamponade
Explanation:
Anaemia reduces oxygen-carrying capacity and blood viscosity, leading to a sustained high-output state. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 20 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Causes of hyperpyrexia
A. Bronchial asthma
B. COPD
C. Malaria
D. Hyperparathyroidism
Explanation:
Malaria can produce very high fevers reaching hyperpyrexia levels. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 21 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Parasites usually cross lungs during their life cycle
A. Enterobius vermicularis
B. Ancylostoma duodenale
C. Trichuris Trichiura
D. Ascaris lumbricoides
Explanation:
Ascaris (like hookworm) larvae migrate through the lungs during their life cycle before being swallowed to mature in the intestine. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 22 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Precancerous condition is
A. Leukoplakia
B. Fibroadenosis of breast
C. Deudenal ulcer
D. Cervical erosion
Explanation:
Leukoplakia is a well-recognised premalignant oral lesion. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 23 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Umbilical cord contains
A. one umbilical artery
B. One umbilical vein
C. Allantois
D. Foetal membrane
Explanation:
A normal umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein embedded in Wharton's jelly, so one umbilical vein is the correct component listed. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 24 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Autosomal reccessive disorder
A. Expressed in heterozygote
B. Parents may be normal carrier
C. Vertical transmission
D. Variable Expressivity
Explanation:
Autosomal recessive disorders appear only in homozygotes, and the unaffected parents are usually heterozygous carriers. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 25 সঠিক উত্তর: D
DNA viruses are
A. Reovirus
B. Picornavirus
C. Orthomyxoviruses
D. Parvovirus
Explanation:
Parvovirus has a single-stranded DNA genome, while reovirus, picornavirus and orthomyxovirus are RNA viruses. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 26 সঠিক উত্তর: C
In Addison's desease, there is
A. High blood level of cortisol
B. Hypertension
C. Hypoglycaemia between meals
D. Hypopigmentation
Explanation:
Cortisol deficiency in Addison's disease causes hypoglycaemia, hypotension and hyperpigmentation. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 27 সঠিক উত্তর: A
In blood CO2 is transported from tissue to lungs mainly as
A. bicarbonate
B. carboaminohaemoglobin
C. carbonic acid
D. dissolved form
Explanation:
About 70 percent of CO2 is carried in blood as bicarbonate ions. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 28 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Testosterone is synthesised from
A. Cholesterol
B. Glycine
C. Oestrogen
D. Tyrosine
Explanation:
All steroid hormones, including testosterone, are synthesised from cholesterol. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 29 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Which of the following organ is specially vulnerable during haemorrhagic shock
A. Brain
B. Heart muscle
C. Kidney
D. Skeletal muscle
Explanation:
Reduced renal perfusion in haemorrhagic shock makes the kidney especially vulnerable to ischaemic injury. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 30 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Which of the followings are unencapsulated receptor
A. Ruffini's corpuscle
B. Merkel's disc
C. Pacinian corpuscle
D. Meissner's corpuscle
Explanation:
Merkel's discs are unencapsulated touch receptors, unlike the encapsulated corpuscles listed. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 31 সঠিক উত্তর: A
In basal condition, most of the energy used by cardiac muscle from metabolism of
A. Fatty acid
B. Glucose
C. Lactate
D. Pyrovate
Explanation:
Under resting conditions the heart derives most of its energy from fatty acid oxidation. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 32 সঠিক উত্তর: A
The major function of surfactant is to
A. Alveolar surface tension
B. Pulmonary compliance
C. Work of breathing
D. The tendency of lungs collapsed
Explanation:
Surfactant lowers alveolar surface tension, which increases compliance and prevents alveolar collapse. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 33 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Spores are killed by
A. H2O2
B. Gention violet
C. Moist heat at 110°C for 30 minutes
D. Dry heat
Explanation:
Sterilisation methods such as dry heat (hot air oven) reliably destroy bacterial spores, unlike gentian violet or mild moist heat. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 34 সঠিক উত্তর: B
In haemolytic anemia
A. Increase heptoglobin
B. Increase urinary urobillinogen
C. decrease reticulocytes
D. decrease LDH
Explanation:
Haemolysis increases urinary urobilinogen, reticulocytes and LDH, while haptoglobin falls. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 35 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Acute renal failure following mismatched blood transfusion is due to
A. Stricture urethra
B. Septicemia
C. Renal vasoconstriction
D. Dehydration
Explanation:
Haemolysis products and inflammatory mediators cause renal vasoconstriction and acute tubular injury. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 36 সঠিক উত্তর: D
The affinity of Hb for O2 is increased by
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Exercise
C. Anaemia
D. CO Poisoning
Explanation:
Carbon monoxide shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the left, increasing haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 37 সঠিক উত্তর: B
In aerobic exercise there is decrease in
A. Circulatory blood volume
B. Skin temperature
C. Cerebral blood flow
D. Mean blood pressure
Explanation:
Blood is redirected from skin and viscera to working muscles during exercise, so skin blood flow falls. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 38 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Following predispose to the development of tuberculosis
A. HLA-B27
B. Sarcoidosis
C. Malnutrition
D. Avitaminosis D
Explanation:
Malnutrition weakens cell-mediated immunity and is a recognised predisposing factor for tuberculosis. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 39 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Complication of typhoid fever is
A. Thyroiditis
B. Pericarditis
C. Ileal perforation
D. Blindness
Explanation:
Ileal perforation and haemorrhage are classic complications of typhoid fever. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 40 সঠিক উত্তর: A
A regurgitant aortic valve in a nonfunctioning heart causes
A. Decrease in diastolic pressure
B. Decrease in heart rate
C. Systolic murmur
D. Decrease in systolic blood pressure
Explanation:
Aortic regurgitation lets blood flow back during diastole, lowering diastolic pressure and widening pulse pressure. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 41 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Insulin causes
A. glycogenolysis
B. breakdown of protein
C. lypolysis
D. entry of K+ into the cell
Explanation:
Insulin promotes potassium uptake into cells, while inhibiting glycogenolysis, proteolysis and lipolysis. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 42 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Vitamin K is necessary for synthesis of
A. factor-I
B. factor-V
C. factor-II
D. glucocorticoid
Explanation:
Vitamin K is needed for the synthesis of factors II, VII, IX and X. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 43 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Causes of high ESR is
A. Polycythemia
B. Sickle cell anaemia
C. Multiple myeloma
D. Spherocytosis
Explanation:
Multiple myeloma raises plasma proteins and promotes rouleaux formation, causing a very high ESR. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 44 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Features of aortic stenosis includes
A. irregular pulse
B. heaving apex beat
C. left parasternal heave
D. mid diastolic murmur
Explanation:
Aortic stenosis causes a heaving (pressure-loaded) apex beat, ejection systolic murmur and slow-rising pulse. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 45 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Polycythemia occurs in
A. hypoxia
B. iron deficiency
C. vit-c deficiency
D. Malnutrition
Explanation:
Chronic hypoxia stimulates erythropoietin and causes secondary polycythemia. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 46 সঠিক উত্তর: A
Jaundice within 24 hrs. of age
A. ABO incompatibility
B. Septicemia
C. Hepatitis
D. Hereditary spherocytosis
Explanation:
Jaundice appearing in the first 24 hours is pathological and commonly due to haemolysis such as ABO incompatibility. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 47 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Which anti diabetic drug causes weight loss
A. pioglitozone
B. liraglutide
C. vildagliptin
D. Repaglinide
Explanation:
Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, reduces appetite and promotes weight loss. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 48 সঠিক উত্তর: C
Cerebellar lesion causes
A. spasticity
B. rigidity
C. intension tremor
D. slow gait
Explanation:
Cerebellar lesions produce intention tremor, ataxia and dysdiadochokinesia. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 49 সঠিক উত্তর: B
Bence-Jones proteins are
A. heavy chain immunoglobulin
B. Found in the urine of multiple myeloma
C. Associated with mononuclear antibody
D. Precipitate by boiling
Explanation:
Bence-Jones proteins are free immunoglobulin light chains excreted in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.
প্রশ্ন 50 সঠিক উত্তর: D
Axillary nerve supplies the
A. pectoralis muscle (major)
B. pectoralis minor
C. teres major
D. teres minor
Explanation:
The axillary nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles. Copyright © JobScholar. All rights reserved.